Cloud Google Gloud Terraform

Interact with Terraform Modules

Overview

As you manage your infrastructure with Terraform, increasingly complex configurations will be created. There is no intrinsic limit to the complexity of a single Terraform configuration file or directory, so it is possible to continue writing and updating your configuration files in a single directory. However, if you do, you may encounter one or more of the following problems:

  • Understanding and navigating the configuration files will become increasingly difficult.
  • Updating the configuration will become more risky, because an update to one block may cause unintended consequences to other blocks of your configuration.
  • Duplication of similar blocks of configuration may increase, for example, when you configure separate dev/staging/production environments, which will cause an increasing burden when updating those parts of your configuration.
  • If you want to share parts of your configuration between projects and teams, cutting and pasting blocks of configuration between projects could be error-prone and hard to maintain.

In this lab, you will learn how modules can address these problems, the structure of a Terraform module, and best practices when using and creating modules.

What are modules for?

Here are some of the ways that modules help solve the problems listed above:

  • Organize configuration: Modules make it easier to navigate, understand, and update your configuration by keeping related parts of your configuration together. Even moderately complex infrastructure can require hundreds or thousands of lines of configuration to implement. By using modules, you can organize your configuration into logical components.
  • Encapsulate configuration: Another benefit of using modules is to encapsulate configuration into distinct logical components. Encapsulation can help prevent unintended consequences—such as a change to one part of your configuration accidentally causing changes to other infrastructure—and reduce the chances of simple errors like using the same name for two different resources.
  • Re-use configuration: Writing all of your configuration without using existing code can be time-consuming and error-prone. Using modules can save time and reduce costly errors by re-using configuration written either by yourself, other members of your team, or other Terraform practitioners who have published modules for you to use. You can also share modules that you have written with your team or the general public, giving them the benefit of your hard work.
  • Provide consistency and ensure best practices: Modules also help to provide consistency in your configurations. Consistency makes complex configurations easier to understand, and it also helps to ensure that best practices are applied across all of your configuration. For example, cloud providers offer many options for configuring object storage services, such as Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) or Google’s Cloud Storage buckets. Many high-profile security incidents have involved incorrectly secured object storage, and because of the number of complex configuration options involved, it’s easy to accidentally misconfigure these services.

Using modules can help reduce these errors. For example, you might create a module to describe how all of your organization’s public website buckets will be configured, and another module for private buckets used for logging applications. Also, if a configuration for a type of resource needs to be updated, using modules allows you to make that update in a single place and have it be applied to all cases where you use that module.

Objectives

In this lab you will learn how to perform the following tasks:

  • Use a module from the Registry.
  • Build a module.

 

 

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