DevOps

How To Install Git on Ubuntu 20.04 / 22.04

tutorial on installing and using git for all current ubuntu versions

Introduction

Git is a version control system used in modern software development. It allows multiple developers to work on the same project while tracking changes, revisions, and contributors.

This step-by-step guide walks you through installing and configuring Git on Ubuntu 20.04 or Ubuntu 22.04.

tutorial on installing and using git for all current ubuntu versionstutorial on installing and using git for all current ubuntu versions

Prerequisites

  • Access to a user account with sudo or root privileges.
  • A machine running Ubuntu 20.04 or 22.04.
  • Access to a command line/terminal window (Ctrl+Alt+T).

Installing Git on Ubuntu

There are two ways to install Git on Ubuntu:

  • Use apt to install Git from the official Ubuntu repository. The official Ubuntu package manager offers a straightforward installation process, but the version in the repository may not be the latest.
  • Install Git from the source code. A more complicated installation process, but it offers the latest version with the newest features and bug fixes.

The sections below show both methods for installing Git on Ubuntu. Choose the method most suitable for your needs and follow the steps below.

Method 1: Install Git with apt on Ubuntu

Using the apt package management tool is the easiest way to install Git. However, the version in the default repository is often not the latest release. If you want to install the latest release, skip down to install from the source.

1. Start by updating the system package index. Launch a terminal window (Ctrl+Alt+T) and run the following command:

sudo apt update

Updating the package index ensures you’re working with the latest software versions.

Updating the system package index on Ubuntu.

2. Install Git from the default Ubuntu repository by running:

sudo apt install git
Installing Git on Ubuntu using the apt package manager.

Allow the process to complete.

3. Verify the installation and version by running:

git --version
Checking Git version in Ubuntu.

The output states the program version if it has been installed correctly.

Method 2: Install Git on Ubuntu From Source Code

To set up the latest version of Git on Ubuntu, download and install it from the source code. Follow the steps below:

1. Start by installing the required dependencies for Git on Ubuntu. Run:

sudo apt install make libssl-dev libghc-zlib-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libexpat1-dev gettext unzip -y

Wait for the installation to complete.

2. Create a new tmp directory and move to that directory:

mkdir tmp
cd /tmp

3. Open a browser window and navigate to the following address:

https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/

From the list of Git releases, find the version number for the latest release (or another specific version you want to install) and enter the version number in the following command:

curl -o git.tar.gz https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-X.XX.X.tar.gz

For example, the latest version at the time of writing this article is 2.38.1. We will use the curl command to download Git version 2.38.1 and rename the downloaded file to git.tar.gz:

curl -o git.tar.gz https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.38.1.tar.gz
Downloading the latest Git version.

The command downloads the Git tar file.

4. Uncompress the tarball file by running:

tar -zxf git.tar.gz

5. Move to the new directory:

cd git-*

6. Compile the package by running the following command:

make prefix=/usr/local/
Compiling the Git source code.

7. Once the process completes, install Git by running:

sudo make prefix=/usr/local install
Installing Git from the source code on Ubuntu.

8. Verify the Git installation by running:

git --version
Checking Git program version.

Configuring Git on Ubuntu After Installation

Git contains a basic configuration file that holds crucial information. Setting your username and email address is essential.

1. In a terminal window, enter the following and replace your_name with your name, and [email protected] with your email address.:

git config --global user.name "your_name"
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

2. Verify configuration changes with the command:

git config --list

The system should display the name and email address you just entered.

Configuring the global Git settings.

Note: Not configuring the settings results in a warning when making a commit, which makes you go back and revise your commits.

Starting with Basic Git Commands on Ubuntu

The following is a list of useful Git commands to help you get started:

  • Find changed files in the working directory: git status
  • Change to tracked files: git diff
  • Add all changes to your next commit: git add
  • Add selected changes into your next commit: git add -p
  • Change the last commit: git commit -amend
  • Commit all local changes in tracked files: git commit -a
  • Commit previously staged changes: git commit
  • Rename a Local branch git branch -m new-name
  • List all currently configured remotes: git remote -v
  • View information about a remote: git remote show
  • Add a new remote repository: git remote add
  • Delete a remote repository git remote remove [remote name]
  • Download all changes from a remote repository: git fetch
  • Download all changes from and merge into HEAD: git pull branch
  • Create a new branch with the command: git branch first-branch

To see more Git commands use: git --help

Note: Also, don’t forget to download our Git Commands Cheat Sheet for free to have the most commonly used commands always at your hand.

Conclusion

Now you know how to install Git on your Ubuntu system. You also learned configuration and basic Git commands, which will help you manage your projects more effectively.

For CentOS, Windows, or macOS systems, see our guide on installing Git on CentOS 7, installing git on Windows, and installing Git on MacOS.

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