DevOps Kubernetes

How to create Namespaces in Kubernetes

A namespace is helpful when multiple teams are using the same cluster. This is used when there is a potential of name collision. It can be a virtual wall between multiple clusters. For example, we can not have pods with the same name in a Kubernetes Cluster but using Namespace we can virtually divide the Cluster and have pods with the same name. 

Some of the important functionalities of a Namespace are as follows.

  1. It helps pod-to-pod communication using the same namespace.
  2. It acts as a virtual cluster that can sit on top of the same physical cluster.
  3. It provides a logical separation between the teams and their environments.

In this article, we will create a namespace and create a pod in the newly created namespace. We will also see how a namespace can be set as a default namespace.

Pre-requisites

  1. Kubernetes Cluster with at least 1 worker node.
    If you want to learn to create a Kubernetes Cluster, click here. This guide will help you create a Kubernetes cluster with 1 Master and 2 Nodes on AWS Ubuntu 18.04 EC2 Instances.

What we will do

  1. Create Namespaces

Create Namespaces

To list all the namespaces available in the Kubernetes Cluster, execute the following command.

kubectl get namespace #Get all namespace in the cluster

get-namespaces

Now let’s try to create a pod in a particular namespace that does not exist.

To create a pod in “test-env” namespace execute the following command.

kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --namespace=test-env #Try to create a pod in the namespace that does not exist.

The pod will not get created in the namespace which does not exist hence we first need to create a namespace.

To create a namespace “test-env” execute the following command.

kubectl create namespace test-env #Create a namespace
kubectl get namespace #Get a list of namespaces

create-namespace

Now we have a namespace in which we want to create a pod.

To create a pod in the namespace we created pass –namespace=test-env option to the command.

kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --namespace=test-env #Create a pod in the namespace.

If you try to get pods without specifying the namespace you will not get details of the pod.

kubectl get pods #Get a list of pods

To get details of the pod which belongs to “test-env” namespace use the following command.

kubectl get pods --namespace=test-env #Get a list of pods in the specified namespace

create-pod-in-the-namespace-created

If you want to set your namespace as default namespace so there will not be a need of specifying namespace option in the command, use the following command.

kubectl config set-context --current --namespace=test-env #Set default namespace

Now there is no need to specify the namespace in the command to get details of the pod.

kubectl get pods #Get a list of pods from the default namespace 

set-the-namespace-in-config

To switch to the default namespace use the following command.

kubectl config set-context --current --namespace=default #Check the namespace to default
kubectl get pods #Get a list of pods

revert-back-to-default-namespace

To check which is the default namespace use the following commands.

kubectl config view --minify | grep namespace: #Extract the namespace from the kubernetes config file.
kubectl config set-context --current --namespace=test-env #Set default namespace in the config file.
kubectl config view --minify | grep namespace:

check-current-namespace

Check which Kubernetes resources are a namespace, execute the following command.

kubectl api-resources --namespaced=true #Get Kubernetes objects which can be in a namespaces

resources-with-namespace

To see which Kubernetes resources are not in a namespace, use the following command.

kubectl api-resources --namespaced=false #Get a list of Kubernetes objects that can never be in a namespace

resources-without-namespace

You can get details of the namespace using the command mentioned below.

kubectl get namespaces #Get a list of namespaces.
kubectl describe namespace test-env #Get details of a namespace.

describe-namespace

A namespace can also be created using a .yml file.

vim namespace-using-file.yml #Create a namespace definition file

create-namespace-using-yml-file

Execute the following command to create a namespace specified in the object definition file.

kubectl create -f namespace-using-file.yml #Create a namespace using a .yml file
kubectl get namespaces #Get a list of namespaces

get-namespaces

When you no longer need your namespace it can simply be deleted using the following command.

kubectl get namespaces #Get a list of namespaces
kubectl delete namespaces env-prod test-env #Delete a namespace
kubectl get namespaces #Get a list of namespaces

delete-namespaces

Conclusion

In this article, we learned about namespaces, creating a namespace, and changing the default namespace, checking the Kubernetes resources which are and aren’t in a namespace. We also saw how a Kubernetes object, here pod, can be created in a namespace of our choice.

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